DIRECTORIES

• Characteristics of a Directory
• General Academic Directories
• Subject-Specific Directories
• Finding Directories

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Another way to find information on the Internet is to use directories. Directories differ from search engines in a few major ways though the differences between them are becoming more and more blurred. Directories are compiled by people rather than automated spiders. The Web pages selected are then catalogued by subject and organized into information hierarchies. When using a directory, you generally browse their information hierarchies starting with the most general area of your topic and working your way through the pyramid closer and closer to your specific subject. For instance, if you were searching for information on the Kabbalah, you would first select the general topic (usually religion), then a more specific topic (such as Judaism) and continue down until you found the topic you were looking for. Some directories, however, do have search capabilities as well which will be covered shortly.

Characteristics of a Directory

Just as the information you retrieve from search engines is affected by the way they function, so is the information in directories. Important characteristics of a directory:

• Context
  Web pages are evaluated and catalogued to be included in the directory so virtually all information will be in its appropriate context. This means that if you are looking for Edward Said you will not find Web pages in which something was said by Edward. However, how topics are organized varies from directory to directory so you may have to try a few different routes before finding your topic. For instance, religion is under society in the WWW Virtual Library (http://vlib.org) and under Arts and Humanities in Intute ( http://www.intute.ac.uk/).
• Quality
  The Web pages in directories are all reviewed and evaluated by the people creating the directory. Often directories are created by subject experts but not always. Regardless, you will retrieve fewer poor quality Web pages with a directory than with a search engine, but that doesn't mean they will be academically sound. Remember to evaluate Web pages independently before using them!
• Browse Capabilities
  A directory is structured in a way that allows you to browse through a topic. This can be very useful when you want to get an overview of a topic or come up with ideas for research in a particular area.
• Currency
  Human powered directories are never as current as search engines as they simply cannot keep up. There will be more broken links in directories than you will get in a search engine and no information at all if you are looking for breaking news.
• Size
  Directories have fewer Web pages catalogued than search engines since each page has to be evaluated and catalogued individually, however, remember that most of the pages will be of better quality.
• Annotation
  Some directories annotate their web pages which allows you to make a quick judgment about whether or not the Web page is worth investigating further.

TIP - If there is a search box, search directories. Browsing can be interesting

It is important with directories to evaluate them before using them. There are many different types of directories ranging from the commercial to the professional and the academic. While commercial directories such as Yahoo (http://www.yahoo.com) list academic sites, it is difficult to sift out academically useful sites from everything else they retrieve from on the web. Thankfully, there are many academically useful directories, both general and subject-specific, that are a more effective way to locate academic resources.

General Academic Directories

Many academically focused directories are available. These directories are sometimes called library gateways and are often compiled by specialist librarians. A few good ones are:

• The Librarians’ Index to the Internet (http://lii.org)
• Academic Info (http://www.academicinfo.net)
• Digital Librarian (www.digital-librarian.com)
• Infomine (http://infomine.ucr.edu)
• The Internet Public Library (http://www.ipl.org)

There is a greater likelihood that the information you find in these gateways will be academically useful. These types of directories are even useful for finding more subject-specific directories and databases or to get an overview of your topic.

Subject-Specific Directories

Some directories are focused entirely on one topic and these are likely to be your best bet for finding sources for research. Some of these directories can provide you with quick links to primary resources, secondary resources, bibliographies, teaching and study material, newsgroups, religious organizations, and databases (e.g. article indexes).

Keep in mind that sometimes directories that are not about religious studies can still be helpful. For instance, a more general humanities directory such as Voice of the Shuttle (http://vos.ucsb.edu) may be useful, especially when you are doing a topic that straddles disciplinary boundaries. In such cases, look for subject-specific directories that are not necessarily religious studies. For instance, if you wanted to look at how religion is addressed in an educational context then the Ask ERIC directory could be invaluable. The following religious studies directories are a great place to start:

• Religious Studies Web Guide (http://www.ucalgary.ca/~lipton) - created at the University of Calgary
• Virtual Religion Index (http://virtualreligion.net/vri/)
• Religious Worlds

Finding Directories

There are a few other ways to find directories on the Web:

• Search Engine
  Use a keyword for your general topic as well as a keyword such as guide, directory, or gateway. e.g. Confucianism and (guide or directory or gateway)
• Directories
  Use one of the general academic directories (such as the Librarians’ Index) and look for guides, directories or gateways.
• Directory Listing
  Use a directory listing on the Web such as Pinakes (http://www.hw.ac.uk/libWWW/irn/pinakes/pinakes.html).

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