Australia |
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Canada |
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The Regional
Psychiatric Centre (Prairies) is located in Saskatoon.
The Centre operates in conjunction with the University
of Saskatoon, Province of Saskatchewan and Government
of Canada. It is an inpatient facility which provides
assessment and treatment programs for inmates in the
Prairies. The Centre is strong on mental health for
inmates. It provides clinical assessment and treatment
for mentally disordered people who are in the criminal
justice system. The Centre treats inmates with acute
and chronic mental illess, those with sexual maladjustment
and personality disordered and antisocials. It also
provides substance abuse therapy, occupational therapy,
recreational therapy, education and spiritual services.
The Centre is also highly involved in research and
these are done in 6 primary areas, including, the
sexual offender, aggressive inmates, criminal psychopath,
the native offender, substance abuse and criminality,
and general forensic issues. In 1989 329 inmates were
admitted and the daily occupancy was 98.42. The Centre
also believes in the same rights of confidentiality
with respect to health care as the general public
receives and every significant interaction with the
health care team is recorded. The health care record
shall move with the inmate throughout their sentence.
The Centre has been accredited with the Canadian Council
on Health Facilities Accreditation since 1984.
Note excerpts
of this article written in 1995 and reflect on what
has changed since then.
"Prairies
- Regional Psychiatric Centre - Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
The most successful of the federal units has been
the Regional Psychiatric Centre in Saskatoon. It was
built on the grounds of the University of Saskatchewan
and although administered by Corrections Service Canada,
it has an agreement with the University" (Chalke,
Roberts & Turner, 1995, p. 123).
"The
Ontario Centre is housed in an old wing of the Kingston
Penitentiary. It has never had the space, staff, autonomy,
stability or organizational arrangements necessary
for the development of an adequate Regional Psychiatric
Centre" (Chalke, Roberts & Turner, 1995,
p. 123).
"The
centre established in St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary
in Quebec was destroyed by fire initiated by the inmates.
Quebec established a special psychiatric hospital,
L'Institute Phillippe Pinel, to serve its population"
(Chalke, Roberts & Turner, 1995, p. 123).
"A
Maritime Centre has never been established. From time
to time limited services have been established in
Dorchester Penitentiary" (Chalke, Roberts &
Turner, 1995, p. 123).
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United Kingdom |
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"Forensic
Psychiatry in England is practiced in the National Health
Service, the special hospitals which provide services of
maximum security, and in the prisons" (Bluegrass, 1977,
p. 53).
"The specialized
care of incarcerated criminal lunatics began during the
19th century, when mental patients were banished to 'warehouses'
outside towns" (Burrow, 1991, p. 64).
"First,
Broadmoor Hospital opened in 1863, followed by Rampton,
Carstairs, Moss Side and Park Lane. These latter two are
now merged into Ashworth Hospital" (Burrow, 1991, p.
65).
"Secure
psychiatric services for mentally disordered offends vary
from country to country and change over time according to
societal norms and politico-economic influences" (Mason,
1999, p. 155).
"Although
modern service development may well have the luxury of drawing
upon others' experiences in planning hospital care for their
specific patient population, the early institutions were
pretty much pioneers in their architectural and humanistic
planning of such services" (Mason, 1999, p. 155).
"In the
United Kingdom, these early asylums, now called special
hospitals, were developed out of a compassionate belief
that offenders afflicted with mental disorders or impairments
were better off in these environments then in prison settings"
(Mason, 1999, p. 155).
"Only over
the past 30 years or so have risk assessment and management
become a serious scientific quest, emerging from civil rights
issues surrounding compulsory detention and forced treatment"
(Mason, 1999, p. 155).
Topping-Morris
(2000) offers the following as a possible mission statement
for modern forensic services: "A Forensic Mental Health
Service serves the public and the Criminal Justice System
by: providing specialized multiprofessional assessment,
treatment, rehabilitation and aftercare services for mentally
disordered offenders within a framework of clinical governance,
thereby seeking to reduce the distress of mental health
problems and their behavioural consequences and reducing
the liklihood of harm occuring to others; promoting better
services for mentally disordered offenders by teaching,
research and development; working closely with other health,
social services and criminal justice agencies to reduce
and manage the risk posed to others by mentally disordered
offenders" (B. Topping-Morris, Forensic Psychiatric
Nursing Listserv -March 7, 2000).
"The
special hospitals for England and Wales are now engaged
in a purchaser provider relationship with the high security
Psychiatric Services Commissioning Board, (HSPSCB) based
in London. This is a major shift in the management structure
of the special hospitals as they move toward Trust Status"
(Woods & Mason, 1997, p. 22).
Bethlem Hospital,
historically for 740 years in England, has cared for the
mentally ill and the mentally ill offender (McMillan, 1997).
United States |
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Forensic
Psychiatric Services in Pennsylvania by Pat Morgan,
Sept 2002.
"In the state of Pennsylvania the administration
of the prison system is under the Department of Corrections.
So once a person is found guilty and sentenced they
will probably go to one of the state correctional
institutions. As a general a Forensic psychiatric
setting, where I work, receives prisoners from county
jails prior to their going to trial. The Forensic
units function under the state Department of Public
Welfare, as do all state mental health facilities.
If, while in county jail they are in need of mental
health treatment, the jail initiates a court commitment
under the mental health act of Pennsylvania, usually
90 days. Under the mental health act the facility
can give involuntary treatment to the patient, usually
in the form of psychotropic medications. In the past
12 years we have gone to an almost nil use of restraint
and seclusion. In prisons a prisoner can be "thrown
in the hole" for 30 days. But in the Forensic
a locked seclusion or restraint ordeal is for only
one hour. The use of the newer psychotropic medication
and anti depressants has greatly decreased the need
of use of force"'.
"For
more than 50 years, the Federal Bureau of Prisons
has attempted to meet the needs of those mentally
disordered offenders who have entered its doors"
(Johnson & Hoover, 1988, p. 673).
"Staff
within the Bureau of Federal Prisons have worked hard
to produce mental health services that are humane,
effective and comprehensive" (Johnson & Hoover,
1988, p. 673).
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Focus Points
Reference
Chalke, F.C.R.,
Roberts, C.A., & Turner, R. E. (1995). Forensic psychiatry
in Canada, 1945 to 1980. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,
40 (3) 120-124
Johnson, S.
C. & Hoover, J. O. (1988). Mental health services within
the federal bureau of prisons. Psychiatric Annals, 18
(12), 673-674.
Mason, T. (1999).
The psychiatric "Supermax"?: Long term, high security
psychiatric services. International Journal of Law and
Psychiatry, 22 (2), 155-166.
McMillan, I.
(1997). Insight into Bedlam: One hospital's history. Journal
of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 35 (6),
28-34.
Polczyk-Przybyla,
M. & Gournay, K. (1999). Psychiatric nursing in prison:
The state of the art? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30
(4), 893-900.
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B - Forensic Psychiatry > Section B.3.0. Forensic Systems/Services
> Unit.B.3.2. Forensic Psychiatric Mental Health Services
