| Unit.C.7.2.
Media Technology/Child Porn Issues |
[Unit.A.7.2.]
[Unit.B.7.2.] [Unit.C.7.2.]
[Unit.D.7.2.] [Unit.E.7.2.]
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Australia |
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Canada |
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International |
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United Kingdom |
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"The manner
in which the media report crime stories and criminal behavior,
and how it portrays offenders, impacts upon the public perception
of the types of services available to those requiring treatment,
containment of training in the centers in which we work.
News reporting not only shapes the views of the general
public but also places within the spotlight those that work
within these services" (Bates, 1999, p. 22).
"Coverage
of crime has a readily available space in the media arena.(Ericson
et al, 1987). The space afforded within the media to portray
details of a crime to its audience is dependent on the extent
of the crime and its subsequent impact on society"
(Bates, 1999, p. 22).
"When attempting
to construct a hierarchy of newsworthiness amongst crime
stories, one issue stands out above the others. This is
the issue of violence. The status of any crime can be raised
in terms of newsworthiness if it contains or is associated
with violence" (Bates, 1999, p. 23).
"There
is significant newsworthiness in reporting of services which
deal with perpetrators of crime. The effects of this have
been witnessed throughout the forensic field. Recent inquiries
at Ashworth Special Hospital on Merseyside have realized
damming reports in the press relating to incidents at the
hospitals personality disorder unit, detailing compromising
security, an abundance of pornography and the alleged mismanagement
of services" (Bates, 1999, p. 24).
"Hospital
video surveillance of parents has led to convictions of
child abuse. But concerns remain over both the reliability
of the evidence collected and the ethics of the nurses involvement"
(Gulland, 1998, p. 12).
"Nurses
have to think whether it is the best thing to do to protect
the child, whether it is justified as a last resort"
(Gulland, 1998, p. 13).
"The Royal
College of Paediatrics and Child Health also advocates caution:
A statement reads: In the great majority of cases, children
can be protected and further abuse prevented without needing
to resort to covert video surveillance (CVS). However CVS
may be needed in very exceptional cases in order to identify
the problem and safeguard the child" (Gulland, 1998,
p. 13).
"From the
1950's, liberalizing legislation enable the pornographic
industry to grow into a hugely pornographic commercial enterprise"
(Tomkinson, 1982; Marshall, 1986; cited in Mercer &
Mckeown, 1997, p. 56).
"From a
classical liberal position pornography becomes a problem
only if the law is actually broken" (Mercer & Mckeown,
1997, p. 56).
"Given
that a high percentage of the patient population is compulsorily
detained because of serious sexual offenses the pornography
issues is both politically and professionally important"
(Mercer & Mckeown, 1997, p. 57).
"Standard
mainstream "mens" magazines are commonplace on
most wards" (Mercer & Mckeown, 1997, p. 58).
"The Ashworth
Hospital Working party proposed a harm-based legal definition
of pornography. In their final report to the Hospital Management
group they defined pornography as (1) any material which
is graphic and sexually explicit and subordinates women
(and in some cases men); (2) any material which contains
any one or more conditions of harm in the form of sexual
objectification or sexual violence" (Ashcroft, 1993;
cited in Mercer & Mckeown, 1997, p. 59).
United States |
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"The legal
issues surrounding video surveillance are concerned with
the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States
of America written in 1791, which states: "The right
of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers
and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,
shall not be violated and no warrants shall issue, but upon
probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly
describing the place to be searched, and the person or things
to be seized" (Williams, 1982; cited in Morrison,
1999, p. 66).
"Evidence
seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment is not admissible
in court under the "Exclusionary Rule" of the
Fourth Amendment. Is video camera surveillance in a child's
hospital room, which is intended to view the mother's actions
with the child, an unreasonable search and seizure?"(Morrison,
1999, p. 66).
"It is
the position of both the American Association of Nurse Attorneys
(TAANA) and the International Association of Forensic Nurses
(IAFN) that an introduction to private and legal proceedings
should be incorporated into nursing curricula" (Morrison,
1999, p. 68).
"Based
on the existing laws in the United States, video surveillance
in a child's hospital room may be permissible for various
reasons:
- Protection
of the child patient,
- Constant
monitoring/assistance in diagnosis and treatment,
- Protection
of the faculty and employees from allegations of negligence"
(Morrison, 1999, p. 68).
"The process
utilizes standardized assessment measures of patient functioning
and facilitates the assignment of treatment activities that
are explicitly related to assessed deficits " (Vess,
2001).
"Beyond
individual patient treatment planning, data generated in
the course of computer assisted treatment planning are used
in conjunction with other sources of data for outcome evaluation
and program development " (Vess, 2001).
"The implementation
of a computer assisted treatment planning process offers
several advantages for those receiving care. It ensures
that patients are provided with ongoing comprehensive assessment
of their relevant treatment needs. It facilitates the prioritization
of treatment activities that directly target the functional
skills needed by the individual to adapt successfully in
the post discharge environment, a frequent area of weakness
in interdisciplinary treatment planning (Lang & Mattson,
1985). It provides data to guide program decision making
in the allocation of clinical resources so that patient
needs are met. Over the long term, it provides standardized
data on a variety of variables for use in outcome evaluation,
which in turn are used to refine service delivery "
(Vess, 2001).
Focus Points
Reference
Bates, A. (1999).
The Newsworthiness of crime. The British Journal of Forensic
Practice, 1 (2), 22-27.
Gulland, A.
(1998). Abuse spies and videotapes. Nursing Times, 94
(45), 12-13.
Mercer, D. &
McKeown, M. (1997). Pornography, Politics and Practice:
The Implications for Nursing. Health Care Analysis,
5, 1, 56-61.
Morrison, C.
(1999). Cameras in hospital rooms: The fourth amendment
to the constitution, and Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. Critical
Care Nursing Quarterly, 22 (1), 65-68.
Vess, J. (2001).
Implementation of a computer assisted treatment planning
and outcome evaluation system in a forensic psychiatric
hospital. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 25(2),
124-132. Retrieved July 2, 2002 from ProQuest database.
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C - Forensic Nursing > Section C.7.0. Forensic Issues > Unit.C.7.2.
Media Technology/Child Porn Issues
