The required readings for this unit are:

Australia	Required Reading(s)

Insert article here

• Note in this article

Canada	Required Reading(s)

Insert article here

• Note in this article

International	Required Reading(s)

Sala, R., & Manara, D. (2001). Nurses and requests for female genital mutilation: Cultural rights versus human rights. Nursing Ethics, 8(3), 247-258. Retrieved December 28, 2002, from Academic Search Premier database: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=5003792&db=aph In this article we focus on female genital mutilation. We analyse this problem as one of the most important issues of multiculturalism, which is also coming to the attention of the public in Italy as a consequence of the growing number of immigrants from African countries. The fundamental problem is about the acceptability of this practice: can female genital mutilation be permitted and, if so, on what basis? We will try to cope with this as a genuine conflict between culture-relative values and universal values, such as human rights. Some attention will be drawn to Italian law. Finally, the impact on nurses of requests for genital mutilation will be described.

 

United Kingdom	Required Reading(s)

Insert article here

• Note in this article

United States	Required Reading(s)

Perez, W. D., Acosta, W., & McPherson, H. A. (1999). Female genital mutilation in the United States: Implications for women's health. American Journal of Health Studies, 15(1), 47- 52. Retrieved December 28, 2002, from Academic Search Premier database: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=1784430&db=aph Presents the health risks associated with female genital mutilation. Cultural rationales for the practice: Issues to consider when designing prevention strategies; Provisions under the Female Genital Mutilation Act of 1996; Health complications of genital mutilation; Complex issues raised by female genital mutilation.

 

Databases
For the full text article online, sleuth the 'University of Calgary/ Library/ Article Indexes':

Directions:

• Select - Indexes and abstracts with links to full text articles
• Select - Academic Search Premier or Expanded Academic ASAP
• Select - Connect
• Fill in User ID and Pin
• Fill in search words:
  • forensic* and circumcision
  • forensic* and mutilation

 

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The 'recommended only' readings for this unit are the following:

Australia	Recommended Reading(s)

Insert article/book/chapter here

• This reading notes

Canada	Recommended Reading(s)

Stewart, R. (1997). Female Circumcision: Implications for North American Nurses. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 35 (4), 35-38.

• Note this article was written by a nursing student in Calgary in this classroom course in 1997. she was successful in publishing it in JPN.

International	Recommended Reading(s)

Althaus, F. A. (1997). Female circumcision: Rite of passage or violation of rights? International Family Planning Perspectives, 23(3), 130-133. Retrieved December 28, 2002, from Academic Search Premier database: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=9710031806&db=aph Looks at female circumcision, the partial or total cutting away of the external female genitalia. Practice of female circumcision in at least twenty-eight countries; Basic types of circumcision; Analysis of data which shows that female circumcision has increased

 

United Kingdom	Recommended Reading(s)

Ortiz, E. T. (1998). Female genital mutilation and public health: Lessons from the British experience. Health Care for Women International, 19(2), 119-129. Retrieved December 28, 2002, from Academic Search Premier database: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=282638&db=aph Addresses the public health policy posed by the increasing numbers of immigrant girls and women in the United States affected by female genital mutilation (FGM), using an example of Great Britain's domestic health and social policy. What is FGM; Details on the life-long impact of FGM; History of FGM.

 

United States	Recommended Reading(s)

Brady, M. (1998). Female genital mutilation.Nursing98, (9), 50-51.

• Note how nurses can support their FGM patients.

Macready, N. (1996). Female genital mutilation outlawed in United States. British Medical Journal, 313(7065), 1103. Retrieved December 28, 2002, from Academic Search Premier database: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=9612110972&db=aph

• Reports that the United States Congress has passed legislation to outlaw the practice of female genital mutilation. Imprisonment sentences; Side effects of mutilation procedure; Form of female mutilation.
  

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Additional references for this unit can be found in 'forensic references' of the forensic sourcebooks.

• Sleuth 'forensic reference' database for:

  female - circumcision

Kent-Wilkinson, A. (2002). Forensic Sourcebooks: Forensic References.

Retrieved May 28, 2002, from the Forensic Education Website: http://www.forensiceducation.com/sourcebooks/experts/Experts_database.html/refs

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Video's recommended for this unit are:

	Resources (Video)

Insert video here

• Note in this video

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The required websites to sleuth for this unit are the following:

Australia	Resources (Web)

Insert website here

• Note in this website

Canada	Resources (Web)

Insert website here

• Note in this website

International	Resources (Web)

Amnesty International (n.d.). Female Genital Mutilation. Amnesty International. Retrieved May 15, 2002 from AI Website: http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/intcam/femgen/fgm1.htm

• Note the involvement of Amnesty International in this human rights issue.

United Kingdom	Resources (Web)

Insert website here

• Note in this website

United States	Resources (Web)

Insert article here

• Note in this article

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For additional websites on this unit, sleuth 'forensic websites' in the forensic sourcebooks.

• female - circumcision

Kent-Wilkinson, A. (2002). Forensic Sourcebooks: Forensic Websites.

Retrieved May 28, 2002, from the Forensic Education Website: http://www.forensiceducation.com/sourcebooks/experts/Experts_database.html/websites

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