Topic D - Forensic Corrections > Section D.4.0. Forensic Practice/Prevention > Unit.D.4.5. Addictions Assessment/Treatment
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Unit.D.4.5. Addictions Assessment/ Treatment

The required readings for this unit are:

Australia
Required Reading(s)

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Canada
Required Reading(s)

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International
Required Reading(s)

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United Kingdom
Required Reading(s)

Isherwood, S., & Brooke, D. (2002). Prevalence and

severity of substance misuse among referrals to a local forensic service. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 12(2), 446-454. Retrieved December 20, 2002, from Academic Search Premier database: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=5180672&db=aph
  • Substance misuse is frequently present alongside mental illness and personality disorder,
    complicating all aspects of management.
  • "Substance misuse is frequently present alongside mental illness and personality disorder, complicating all aspects of management. We describe self-reported levels of substance misuse in referrals to a forensic psychiatry service, to establish degrees of dependencyand co-morbidity with other diagnostic categories and to report the implications for treatment. There were 146 (70%) of 209 consecutive referrals who completed a semi-structured questionnaire, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Severity of Alcohol Dependency Questionnaire (SADQ), Alcohol Problem Questionnaire (APQ) and, for frequent users of opiates or stimulants, the Severity of Dependence Scales (SDS). Psychiatric diagnoses were made from clinical assessment using the International Classification of Diseases (World Health Organization, 1992). ICD-10 diagnoses of substance misuse were found in 83 (57%) subjects. A combination of mental illness and a substance misuse diagnosis was found in 54 (37%). The subgroup accepted into forensic psychiatric services was found to have higher levels of co-morbidity, although levels of dependency were low. Forensic services need expertise in assessing drug related
    morbidity; in motivational interviewing and other techniques for encouraging change; and in consolidating recovery" (Isherwood & Brooke, 2002, p. 446).

 

United States
Required Reading(s)

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Databases
For the full text article online, sleuth the 'University of Calgary/ Library/ Article Indexes':

Directions:

  • Select - Indexes and abstracts with links to full text articles
  • Select - Academic Search Premier or Expanded Academic ASAP
  • Select - Connect
  • Fill in User ID and Pin
  • Fill in search words: addictions and offender and

 

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Unit.D.4.5. Addictions Assessment/ Treatment

The 'recommended only' readings for this unit are the following:

Australia
Recommended Reading(s)

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Canada
Recommended Reading(s)

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International
Recommended Reading(s)

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United Kingdom
Recommended Reading(s)

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  • This reading notes
United States
Recommended Reading(s)


Hardy, D.W., Patel, P., & Paull, D. (2000). Basic law for

addiction psychiatry. Psychiatric Annals,
30
(9), 574-584. Retrieved July 31, 2002, from ProQuest database.

  • Note: As the practice of addiction psychiatry becomes increasingly involved in the treatment of court-mandated patients, it is important for addiction psychiatrists to familiarize themselves with the law to appreciate how they can use it to their patients' benefit.
  • "Psychiatry and the law are irreversibly entwined. As the practice of addiction psychiatry becomes increasingly involved in the treatment of court-mandated patients, it is important for addiction psychiatrists to familiarize themselves with the law to appreciate how they can use it to their patients' benefit. We suggest that addiction psychiatrists can profit from the forensic psychiatry model, where court-mandated treatment of involuntary patients is the standard and is usually successful. We suggest that drug courts, bringing together clinical and legal professionals in the most integrated approach to addiction treatment yet attempted, offer a promising mechanism for the successful treatment of the most difficult of these patients" (Hardy, Patel, & Paull, 2000, p. 574).

Miller, N. S. (2001). Addictions and the law.

PsychiatricAnnals, 30(9), 609-623. Retrieved July 31, 2002, from ProQuest database.

  • Note: Addictions and the law are interwoven in court cases, legislative actions, constitutional law, and administrative policy. In general, the law views alcohol and drug addiction as an illness in an individual who bears responsibility for its consequences, including punishment and therapeutic treatments.
  • "The individual is not completely guilty or absolved from criminal or civil responsibilities because of addictive disease. Increasingly, alcohol and drug disorders are considered the root causes of criminal and civil violations that can be ameliorated or eliminated through therapeutic actions sanctioned and monitored by the courts" (Miller, 2001, p. 609).
  • "The forensic psychiatrist and the generalist should acquaint themselves with the efficacy of addictions treatment and the importance and advantages of identifying addictive diseases in their patients. They must also consider the legal consequences for not informing patients of the treatment options for their addictions" (Miller, 2001, p. 609).
  • "The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 have provided broad protection for individuals with physical and mental impairments. These acts provide precedent for inclusion of alcohol and drug addiction as a disability. An employee with an alcohol problem, drug problem, or both (which can apply to illegal drugs if in treatment and not using them) can be offered accommodation in the form of addiction treatment before losing his or her employment. An alcoholic is entitled to the option of addiction treatment to perform the essential functions of a particular job. An alcoholic who refuses treatment can be terminated from his or her position, especially if unable to perform his or her functions due to continued alcohol use. However, court decisions have made some distinctions as to how these acts can be applied to individual cases.70-77" (Miller, 2001, p. 609).

 

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Additional references for this unit can be found in 'forensic references' of the forensic sourcebooks.

  • Sleuth 'forensic reference' database for:

    addiction - offender

Kent-Wilkinson, A. (2002). Forensic Sourcebooks: Forensic References.

Retrieved May 28, 2002, from the Forensic Education Website: http://www.forensiceducation.com/references

 

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Video's recommended for this unit are:

Resources (Video)

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Unit.D.4.5. Addictions Assessment/ Treatment

The required websites to sleuth for this unit are the following:


Australia
Resources (Web)

Insert website here

  • Note in this website
Canada
Resources (Web)

Correctional Service of Canada. (2002). Substance

Abuse' in Issues & Challenges Facing CSC, CSC Speakers Binder. Retrieved November 14, 2002, from CSC Website:
http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/pblct/guideorateur/pdf/sec6_e.pdf

  • Note the issues presented by substance abuse in secure environments

 

International
Resources (Web)

MacCoun, R. & Reuter, P. (1997). Interpreting Dutch

cannabis policy. Reasoning by analogy in the legalization debate. Science, 278(10), 47-51.
Available: <www.sciencemag.org>
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol278/issue5335/

  • Note the legalization debates in the Netherlands.

Mexican Program

http://www.criminon.org/eng/drugreha/index.htm

Rehab Program

http://www.cocaineaddiction.com/ending.html

 

United Kingdom
Resources (Web)

Insert website here

  • Note in this website
United States
Resources (Web)

Emergency Nurses Association-Position Statement

http://www.ena.org/services/posistate/index.htm

  • Note substance abuse 7/98.

Online Dictionary of Street Drug Slang

http://www.pharminfo.com/drugdb/db_mnu.html

  • Note this site has a searchable dictionary with more than 3000 street drug slang terms.

 

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For additional websites on this unit, sleuth 'forensic websites' in the forensic sourcebooks.

  • addiction - offender

Kent-Wilkinson, A. (2002). Forensic Sourcebooks: Forensic Websites.

Retrieved May 28, 2002, from the Forensic Education Website: http://www.forensiceducation.com/websites

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Readings