"An older population inflicted with chronic disease,
disability and terminal illness has increased in the
prison population and health service utilization rates
are 5-6 time higher than the rates in the community"
(Goldkuhle, 1999, p. 40).

"The
elderly inmate poses special problems for the correctional
system due to the aging process with its attendant
physical decrements" (Smyer, Gragert, & LaMere,
1997, p. 12 & 17).
"Interventions
with the elderly prisoners include measures to enhance
environmental factors to security and safety needs,
attention to acute and chronic illness behaviours
and emphasis on wellness and preventive care"
(Smyer, Gragert, & LaMere, 1997, p. 17).
"Mental
health professionals can build partnerships with community,
state and national organizations to assist the elderly
in their adjustment to prison and foster successful
community release programs" (Smyer, Gragert,
& LaMere, 1997, p. 17).
"The
elderly prisoner can be differentiated into three
distinct categories based on patterns of criminal
activity over time" (Aday, 1994; Morton, 1992;
cited in Smyer, Gragert, & LaMere, 1997, p. 10-11).
"Long
term inmates, when expressing their desire to survive
in prison, explain that two factors would contribute
to this (a) avoiding physical danger and (b) maintaining
good health to live long enough to reach the end of
their sentence" (Gordon & Wallace, 1991;
cited in Smyer, Gragert, & LaMere, 1997, p. 10).
"On
average, the non-incarcerated elderly have two or
more chronic illnesses, elderly inmates have three
or more (Aday, 1994). Elderly inmates are hospitalized
more often than younger inmates except for those with
AIDS related symptoms" (Glaser, Warchol, D'Angelo
& Guterman, 1990; cited in Smyer, Gragert, &
LaMere, 1997, p. 12).
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