UCalgary and WHO researchers find hybrid immunity is the best protection against COVID-19

Calgary, AB – A University of Calgary research group – which includes several Bachelor of Health Sciences alumni – joined forces with members of the World Health Organization (WHO) to tackle a global health question: What is the best protection against COVID-19? Analyzing data from controlled studies throughout the world, researchers discovered people with hybrid immunity are the most protected against severe illness and reinfection. Hybrid immunity occurs when someone has had at least the full series of vaccines and has a prior infection, in any order. The study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases helps public policy makers understand the optimal timing of vaccinations.

“The results reinforce the global imperative for vaccination. A common question throughout the pandemic was whether previously infected people should also get vaccinated. Our results clearly indicate the need for vaccination, even among people that have had COVID-19.”

Dr. Niklas Bobrovitz, DPhil, BHSc ’11, MSc’14 and first author on the study

The global emergence and rapid spread of the Omicron variant of concern required scientists and policymakers to reassess population protection against Omicron infection and severe disease. In the study, investigators were able to look at immune protection against Omicron after a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (the virus that causes COVID-19), vaccination, or hybrid immunity.

“Protection against hospitalization and severe disease remained above 95 per cent for 12 months for individuals with hybrid immunity. We know more variants are going to emerge. The study shows to reduce infection waves, vaccinations could be timed for roll-out just prior to expected periods of higher infection spread, such as the winter season.”

Dr. Lorenzo Subissi, MSc, PhD, WHO-Scientist and senior author on the study

The systematic review and meta-analysis find that protection against Omicron infection declines substantially by 12 months, regardless of whether you’ve had an infection, vaccinations, or both, which means that vaccination is the best way to periodically boost your protection and to keep down levels of infection in the population. In total, 4,268 articles were screened and 895 underwent full-text review. A difficult task before the assistance of experts in health informatics.

“This study demonstrates the power of machine translation. We were able to break through language barriers, most of the time systematic reviews aren’t done in every language they are limited to one or two. These former BHSc classmates along with the large diverse team they brought together have emerged as global leaders in SARS-CoV-2 research and delivered decision-grade evidence to the world.”

Dr. Tyler Williamson, PhD, director of the Centre for Health Informatics at the Cumming School of Medicine

And while the findings demonstrate that vaccination along with a prior infection carries the most protection, the scientists warn against intentional exposure to the virus.

“You should never try to get COVID-19,” says Bobrovitz. “The virus is unpredictable in how it will affect your system. For some, it can be fatal or send you to hospital. Even if you have a mild infection, you risk developing long COVID.”

The group says the next phase of this research would be to investigate how the bivalent vaccine performs against severe disease.

The study is supported by WHO COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI). The views reported do not necessarily reflect the official position of WHO or CEPI.

Media inquiries

Kelly Johnson
Media Relations
Cumming School of Medicine
403.617.8691
kelly.johnson2@ucalgary.ca

About the University of Calgary
UCalgary is Canada’s entrepreneurial university, located in Canada’s most enterprising city. It is a top-five research university and one of the highest-ranked universities of its age. Founded in 1966, its 35,000 students experience an innovative learning environment, made rich by research, hands-on experiences and entrepreneurial thinking. It is Canada’s leader in the creation of start-ups. Start something today at the University of Calgary.

For more information, visit ucalgary.ca. Stay up to date with UCalgary news headlines on Twitter @UCalgary. For access to UCalgary news releases, images and b-roll, and details on faculties and how to reach experts, check out our newsroom at ucalgary.ca/newsroom.

About the Cumming School of Medicine
The University of Calgary’s Cumming School of Medicine (CSM) is driven to create the future of health. We are a proud leader with seven world-class research institutes and 2,900 students, as well as faculty and staff, working to advance education and research in precision medicine and precision public health, improving lives in our community and around the world. Visit cumming.ucalgary.ca and follow us @UCalgaryMed.