Peer-to-Peer File Sharing

Introduction

Peer-to-peer file sharing (also known as P2P) is an alternative to a client server network design in that users connect through a common software/provider in order to download files. Although uploading is often encouraged, it is not required to share files; rather the files are stored and shared among the users.

P2P Generations

There are four types of P2P file sharing possible, each with their own advantages and limitations.

First P2P generation

• First generation P2P is comprised of a centralized list, which means the company supplying is at fault for any illegal material.
• It is impossible to catch all material in breach of copyright law therefore this generation of file sharing often went out of business.
• Example: Napster
  
  

Second P2P generation

• There is no centralized server rather all file sharing is done directly from peer to peer.
• A problem with this is that you can't search for content through keywords, rather the exact file you were looking for needs to be known.
• Example: LimeWire
  
  

Third P2P generation

• Anonymity and encryption features make file sharing safer and more secure.
• Safety features also include a list of acceptable people to share files with (that the user creates). This list is like the equivalent of an IM Buddy List.
• This type of file sharing makes it especially hard to check for illegal activity because of the encryptions.
• Although safer it is a lot slower to use because of the encryption and the smaller number of users on the network.
• Example: Tor
  
  

Fourth P2P generation

• There is no server involved which means instead of files being transferred between users the information is shared over streams.
• This isn't stored on your computer rather is confined to an Internet connection and a host page.
• Example: YouTube
  
  

Computer Risks

File sharing is notorious for being accompanied by viruses, spyware and adware. This malware can remain on the system even if the original file is deleted, and can be difficult to eliminate. Malware often interferes with the way web browsers operate and can disable anti-virus software, anti-spyware, and firewalls.

Personal Risks

If you are not using the proper settings you could allow access to other information stored on your hard drive instead of limiting access to the files you intended to share. This means global access to information like your tax returns, email messages, medical records, pictures and other personal documents.

Copyright Violation

Although file sharing is intended for the sharing of legitimate documents, it is often used by individuals to share copyrighted materials without permission. When you download something in breach of copyright law, you are breaking the law.

Prevention

To prevent malware it is important to run spyware removal programs as well as make sure your anti-virus is up to date. For more information visit the security page on Anti-Spyware and Anti-Virus web page.

Avoid using first and second generation P2P as these networks are more prone to malware and other personal risks. Although the later generations help to deal with these problems it is important to use caution as all file sharing leaves the user open to some degree of risk.

Getting help

For more information, see Microsoft's tips on peer-to-peer file sharing.